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<head>
  <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Visual Page 1.0 for Windows">
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;CHARSET=iso-8859-1">
  <title>TI-86 Link Protocol Guide - File formats</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffe8">
<p><b>TI-86 Link Protocol Guide v1.0</b> - File formats</p>
<center>
<h2>
<hr align="center">File Formats</h2>
</center>
<p>The TI-86 Graph Link software stores variables in several types of
files. Single variables are stored in files
that have an extension that corresponds with their type. Groups of
variables are stored in files with the extension
".86g". However, all of these file types have a common format.</p>
<p>The different file types and contents that the TI-86 Graph Link
software can read and write are shown below.</p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="66%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th bgcolor="#dddddd" width="13%">Extension</th>
      <th bgcolor="#dddddd">Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86c </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 complex number</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86d </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 GDB (function, polar, parametric or differential
equation)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86e </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 equation</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86g </p>
      </td>
      <td>Multiple TI-86 variables of varying types (group)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86i </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 picture (image)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86k </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 constant (real or complex)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86l </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 list (real or complex)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86m </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 matrix (real or complex)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86n </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 real number</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86p </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 program</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86s </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 string</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86v </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 vector</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="13%">
      <p align="center">.86w </p>
      </td>
      <td>TI-86 window settings (Func, Pol, Param, DifEq or ZSTO)</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</p>
<p></p>
<p>
</p>
<hr align="center">
<p></p>
<h3>The TI-86 variable file format</h3>
<p>The TI-86 variable file format has two parts: a header and several
variable entries.</p>
<p>The header appears at the beginning of the file and takes the
following format:<br>
<i>Note - All 2-byte integers are stored little-endian Intel-style
(least significant byte first).</i></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="92%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="8%"><font color="#ffffff">Offset</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="11%"><font color="#ffffff">Length</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="81%"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">0</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">8 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">8-character signature. The
signature is always "<tt>**TI86**</tt>".</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">8</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">3 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">3-byte further signature. These
three bytes always contain {1Ah, 0Ah, 00h} = {26, 10, 0}</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">11 (Bh)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">42&nbsp;(2Ah)&nbsp;bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Comment. The comment is either
zero-terminated or padded on the right with space characters.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">53 (35h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in bytes, of the data
section of the file. This number should be 57 (39h) bytes less than the
file size.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">55 (37h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%"><i>n</i> bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Data section - consists of a
number of variable entries (described below).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">55&nbsp;(37h)+<i>n</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">File checksum. This is the
lower 16 bits of the sum of all bytes in the data section.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</p>
<p></p>
<p>Each variable entry follows this format:</p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="92%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="8%"><font color="#ffffff">Offset</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="11%"><font color="#ffffff">Length</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="81%"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">0</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Always has a value of 12 (Ch).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">2</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in bytes, of the
variable data.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">4</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">1 byte</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">variable type ID byte (see <a
 href="vars.html#vartypes">variable type ID's</a>)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">5</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">1 byte</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in characters, of the
variable name</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">6</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">8 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Variable name, padded with
space characters (0x20) on the right. (*)<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">14 (Eh)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in bytes, of the
variable data. (This is a copy of the value in offset 2)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">16 (10h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%"><i>n</i> bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Variable data. <a
 href="vars.html">Click here</a> for variable data formats.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
(*) Note of Adrian Mettler (TiLP bug #837114) :<br>
</p>
<pre>There are in fact at least THREE conventions for storing variable names in TI-86 files in the wild, and affect all<br>variable types. These are the "official" one generated by the current version of TI's software (and documented in the<br>references that I've seen online), a slight modification of this format, and the third one, closer to the wire format, <br>that is created by some third-party programs (and perhaps by old versions of TI's own software and by TI85). All three are <br>correctly read by TI's software without complaint.  <br><br>The difference between the three versions is that TI's official version (1) always includes padding of the name<br>field up to 8 characters, using spaces ('\20') for the extra characters.  A common variant (2), currently written by<br>TiLP, uses null characters ('\0') to pad up to eight characters.  The third variant (3) DOES NOT pad at all (aka TI-85 format). <br>The fourth variant (4) always contains 8 chars but with garbage (eg 03  BE 61 69 70 31 20 20 20).<br><br>The current release of TiLP correctly reads files that follow conventions (1) and (2), and gets really confused on<br>files of type (3) and (4). </pre>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>
</p>
<hr align="center">
<p></p>
<h3>A Proprietary TI-86 backup file format</h3>
<p>Even if the TI-86 Graph Link software does not support system
backups for TI85/86 calculators, this functionnality is implemented in
the calculator OS. In this way, it's possible to download and save
system backups with the extension ".86b".</p>
<p>This is the reason why FastLink and TiLP have their own file format.</p>
<p><u>FastLink uses this file format for TI-86 backups:</u></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="92%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="15%"><font color="#ffffff">Offset</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="11%"><font color="#ffffff">Length</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="74%"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">0</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">8 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">8-character signature. The
signature is always "<tt>**TI86**</tt>".</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">8</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">3 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">3-byte further signature. These
three bytes always contain {1Ah, 0Ah, 00h} = {26, 10, 0}</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">11 (Bh)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">42&nbsp;(2Ah)&nbsp;bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Comment. The comment is either
zero-terminated or padded on the right with space characters.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">53 (35h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Length, in bytes, of the backup
header and the first data section. This number should be 16 (10h) bytes
more than the length of the first data section as reported in the
backup header.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">55 (37h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">16 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">The backup header (format
described below).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">71&nbsp;(47h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%"><i>x</i> bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">First data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">71 (47h)+<i>x</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">First checksum. This is the
lower 16 bits of the sum of all bytes in the backup header and the
first data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="15%">73 (49h)+<i>x</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="74%">Length, in bytes, of the second
data section</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="15%">75 (4Bh)+<i>x</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="11%"><i>y</i> bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="74%">Second data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="15%">75 (4Bh)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="74%">Second checksum. This is the
lower 16 bits of the sum of all bytes in the second data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">77 (4Dh)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Length, in bytes, of the third
data section</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">79 (4Fh)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%"><i>z</i> bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Third data section</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">79 (4Fh)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i>+<i>z</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Third checksum. This is the
lower 16 bits of the sum of all bytes in the third data section, or 0
if the third data section is empty (has length 0).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="15%">81 (51h)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i>+<i>z</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="74%">Length, in bytes of the fourth
data section</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="15%">83 (53h)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i>+<i>z</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="11%"><i>w</i> bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="74%">Fourth data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="15%">83&nbsp;(53h)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i>+<i>z</i>+<i>w</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="74%">Fourth checksum. This is the
lower 16 bits of the sum of all bytes in the fourth data section.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</p>
<p></p>
<p>The Backup Header has the following format:</p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="92%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="8%"><font color="#ffffff">Offset</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="11%"><font color="#ffffff">Length</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="81%"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">0</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Offset to data length: Always
has a value of Ch (12).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">2</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in bytes, of the first
data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">4</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">1&nbsp;byte</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Type ID: Always has a value of
1Dh.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">5</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">1 byte</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in characters, of the
name: Always has a value of 6.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">6</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">8 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Name: "SYSTEM" padded with
space characters (20h) on the right.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">14 (Eh)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in bytes, of the first
data section.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><u>TiLP uses this file format for TI-86 backups:</u></p>
<p> This format is based on a TI85 backup format which has been
extended for adding a fourth section.</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="92%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="15%"><font color="#ffffff">Offset</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="11%"><font color="#ffffff">Length</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="74%"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">0</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">8 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">8-character signature. The
signature is always "<tt>**TI86**</tt>".</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">8</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">3 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">3-byte further signature. These
three bytes always contain {1Ah, 0Ah, 00h} = {26, 10, 0}</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">11 (Bh)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">42&nbsp;(2Ah)&nbsp;bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Comment. The comment is either
zero-terminated or padded on the right with space characters.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">53 (35h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Length, in bytes, of the backup
header and the data sections. This number should be 17 (11h) bytes more
than the sum of the lengths of the three data sections as reported in
the backup header.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">55 (37h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">11 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">The backup header (format
described below).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">66 (42h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Length, in bytes, of the first
data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">68&nbsp;(44h)</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%"><i>x</i> bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">First data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="15%">68 (44h)+<i>x</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="74%">Length, in bytes, of the second
data section</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="15%">70 (46h)+<i>x</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="11%"><i>y</i> bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" width="74%">Second data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">70 (46h)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Length, in bytes, of the third
data section</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">72 (48h)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i></td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%"><i>z</i> bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Third data section</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">72 (48h)+x+y+z</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Length, in bytes, of the fourth
data section (optional) </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">74 (4Ah)+x+y+z</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">w bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Fourth data section (optional)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15%">74 (4Ah)+<i>x</i>+<i>y</i>+z+w</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="74%">Checksum. This is the lower 16
bits of the sum of all bytes in the backup header and data sections.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<p>The backup header has this format:</p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="92%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="8%"><font color="#ffffff">Offset</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="11%"><font color="#ffffff">Length</font></th>
      <th bgcolor="#008800" width="81%"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">0</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Offset to data length: Always
has a value of 9.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">2</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in bytes, of the first
data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">4</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">1&nbsp;byte</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Type ID: Always has a value of
15 (Fh).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">5</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in bytes, of the second
data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">7</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in bytes, of the third
data section.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">9</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Memory address of the second
data section</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="8%">11</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="11%">2 bytes</td>
      <td bgcolor="#ffffff" width="81%">Length, in bytes, of the fourth
data section.</td>
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